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GIACOMO DEVOTO – VENETI V PANONIJI

Lucijan Vuga

Lemutova ul. 6, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenija

 

Abstract

Giacomo Devoto – Veneti in Pannonia

Linguists Lejeune, Devoto and Pellegrini-Prosdocimi (last two published the famous Lingua Venetica; incidentally, Prosdocimi obtained his Ph.D. under Devoto) represent a coherent group, which defends the theory of the Pannonian origin of the Venetic people. Devoto recognizes distinct lexical Indoeuropean groups already in the 2nd millennium B.C. We have some conflicting historical data about Veneti. However, Italian etymologist Giacomo Devoto (Dizionario etimologico, Felice Le Monier Ed., Firenze, 1968; map I) states that in the 2nd millennium B.C., Veneti, together with Protolatinians, lived in Pannonia north of the Danube, and from there moved southward into Italy. Their neighbours to the east were a small group of Thracians, and close to them Slavs. Such a theory supposed quite clearly the formation of ethnic groups already in the 2nd millennium B.C. But taking into account the theory of continuity (TC), Mario Alinei states that Slavs were spread on the whole Balkan peninsula, and westward in the eastern Alps already during the Neolithic period. Why did Devoto suppose Venetic migration from Pannonia to Italy in the 2nd millennium B.C.; according to the TC this necessarily lead through the Slavic settled territory, which could not have happened without a considerable impact on the language. However, considering all the facts, the theory of continuity is much more acceptable, stating the more relevant settlement stability and prevalent cultural exchanges influencing ethnic development. Veneti were living in a wide area of Europe far earlier and in close proximity or, from my mind, in unity with Slavs. This can be derived also from Devoto's (and other) statements concerning the location of distinct Indo-European languages in Europe.

 

Povzetek

Jezikoslovci Lejeune, Devoto in Pellegrini-Prosdocimi (zadnja dva sta izdala slovečo knjigo Lingua venetica; in mimogrede, Prosdocimi je doktoriral pri Devotu) predstavljajo usklajeno skupino, ki zagovarja teorijo panonskega izvora Venetov. Devoto jasno razločuje različne indoevropske jezikovne skupine že v 2. tisočletju pr.n.št. Imamo nekaj nasprotujočih si zgodovinskih podatkov o Venetih. Vendar italijanski etimolog Giacomo Devoto (Dizionario etimologico, Felice Le Monier Ed., Firenze, 1968; map I) meni, da so Veneti v 2. tisočletju pr.n.št. (skupaj s Protolatinci) živeli v Panoniji, severno od Donave, od tam so se premaknili na jug, v Italijo. Njihovi vzhodni sosedje so bili ne prav številni Tračani, ob teh pa so bili že Slovani. Takšna teorija predpostavlja jasno izoblikovanje etničnih skupin že v 2. tisočletju pr.n.št. Toda če upoštevamo teorijo kontinuitete (TK), Mario Alinei meni, da so Slovani živeli po vsem Balkanu ter zahodneje v Vzhodnih Alpah že v neolitiku. Devoto predpostavlja venetsko migracijo iz Panonije (zakaj?) v Italijo v 2. tisočletju pr.n.št., skladno s TK to vodi neposredno skozi ozemlje poseljeno s Slovani, kar se ni moglo zgoditi brez znatnejšega vpliva tudi na jezik. Očitno je ob upoštevanju vseh dejstev veliko verjetnejša teorija kontinuitete, da je obstajala pomembna naselitvena stabilnost in je pretežno kulturna izmenjava vplivala na razvoj etnosov. Veneti so bili že zelo zgodaj na razsežnem prostoru Evrope v tesnem sosedstvu, ali po mojem mnenju, v skupnosti s Slovani. To konsekventno sledi tudi iz Devotovih (in drugih) stališč, o razporeditvi ločenih indoevropskih jezikov v Evropi.

Korenine

 

KRITIKA MONOGENETSKOGA (MONOCENTRIČNOGA) ETNIČKOGA

I JEZIČKOGA PRISTUPA

(Fran Ramovš kao mladogramatičar)

Vojislav P. Nikčević

 

Abstract

A criticism of a monogenetic (monocentric) ethnic and linguistic approach

(Linguist Fran Ramovš as neo-grammarian)

The ideas of monogenetic ethnic approach, as well as the ideas and work of neo-grammarians, are analysed and critically discussed. The linguistic work of Fran Ramovš as a representative supporter of the monogenetic neo-grammarian ideas and as an insightful founder of Slovenian linguistics is discussed from the point of view of the polygenetic conceptualisation of language evolution. His adherence to the monogenetic ethnic and linguistic principles is reflected in the fact that he considered the Slovenian language as existing before the end of the 6th century A.D. and which actually was formed in the period from the end of the 6th century to the 10th century A.D., only as a dialect, deriving from one unified very ancient south-Slavic, pre-Slavic and Indo-European language. As an adherent of the German neo-grammarian linguistic school he studied the elements of the Slovenian language as being considered out of the whole system, i.e. in his atomism, including the denomination of his phonetic elements as psycho-physical and psycho-physiological phenomena which can be explained and classified as they are developed from each other in a chain process. Like a negation of this schematic and rather mechanistic understanding of a language appears the more structuralistic school of Ferdinand de Saussure. According to this school the origin of every language, including also of the Slovenian, can be traced back from the very early primordial beginning from the Nostratic to the Indo-European, then pre-Slavic and to the early common south-Slavic pre-language. The phonetics of the language is being constantly subjected to the developing process by mutual interactions over the long time speaking activity. This model is opening a broad way to consider also the ancient Veneti as one of ancestors of the modern Slovenes and their language as one of the origins of the Slovenian language.

 

Sažetak

Kritika monogenetskoga (monocentričnog) etničkoga i jezičkog pristupa

Fran Ramovš kao mladogramatičar

Autor u ovome radu analitičko-kritički razmatra pojam monogeneze, ko su i što su mladogramatičari, daje prikaz Frana Ramovša kao monogenetskog mladogramatičara i u svjetlosti pojma poligeneze ocjenjuje njegov lingvistički rad kao jednoga od naznačajnijih utemeljivača jezikoslovne slovenistike. Njegovu pripadnost monogenetskome etničkom i jezičkome učenju ogleda se u tome što je slovenski jezik, koji mu se formirao tek od kraja VI. do X. vijeka, predstavio samo kao jedan dijalekat do konca VI. stoljeća tako kao da je potekao iz jedinstvenoga južnoslovjenskog, praslovjenskoga i indoevropskoga prajezika. A pripadnost njemačkoj mladogramatičarskoj školi ispoljio je u izolovanome proučavanju elemenata toga jezika izvanj njegova sistema, tj. u njihovom tzv. atomizmu, kao gođ i u poimanju njegovijeh glasova kao psiho-fiziološkijeh, psiho-fizičkih pojava koje se cijepanjem lančano razlažu i granaju razvijaući se jedan iz drugih. Negacija toga shematičkoga i mehanicističkog shvatanja jeste strukturalističko učenje po kojemu se zametak svakog jezika, pa i slovenskog, nalazi u prapočetku njegova nastanka od nostratičkoga, preko indoevropskoga i praslovjenskog do južnoslovjenskoga prajezika. A glasovi mu se razvijaju u neminovnijem međusobnim uzajamnijem suodnosima zahvaljujući stalnijem unutrašnjim i spoljašnjijem promjenama tokom govorne djelatnosti. To otvara širok prostor za prihvatanje Veneta i njihova jezika kao predaka Slovenaca i prapočetaka slovenskoga jezika.

Korenine

 

LINGUISTIC AND GENETIC CORRESPONDENCES BETWEEN SLAVS AND INDIANS (INDO-ARYANS) PROVIDE INSIGHTS INTO THEIR PRE-HISTORY

Joseph Skulj, Jagdish C. Sharda, Snejina Sonina, Petr Jandacek

Hindu Institute of Learning, 11 Westacres Drive, Toronto Ontario, Canada, M6M-2B7; Tel: 416/651-1117; E-mail: jskulj@hotmail.com

 

(Paper presented at the international conference “Ancient settlers in Europe”, 29-30 May 2003, in Kobarid, Slovenia.)

 

Abstract

Genetic information on Slavs and Indo-Aryans from published literature was compared to linguistic data to determine the degree of this correlativity. Based on published genetic information, particularly the data from Y chromosome investigations, it is evident that the Slavs and Indo-Aryans share at a high frequency the haplogroup associated with the putative Indo-Aryan invasion. This is proportionate to the caste rank; the higher the caste, the greater is the similarity with east Europeans. This haplogroup is either absent or at a low frequency in western Europeans. The divergence between Slavs and Indo-Aryans is estimated to have occurred ~6,500 BC. Despite this early historical separation, Slavs and Indo-Aryans also show many linguistic similarities; Slovenes in particular retain many lexical and grammatical resemblances with Sanskrit, particularly Vedic Sanskrit, no longer present in most Slavic and Indo-Aryan languages.

 

Povzetek

Jezikovne in genetske sorodnosti med Slovani in Indijci kažejo na njihovo predzgodovino.

Genetske podatke o Slovanih in Indo-Arijcih primerjamo z jezikoslovnimi podatki. Objavljeni genetski podatki, predvsem tisti o raziskavah kromosoma Y, kažejo, da imajo Slovani in Indo-Arijci veliko pogostost haplogrup povezanih z domnevnim Indo-Arijskim vdorom. Ta pogostost je sorazmerna položaju kast. Čim višja je kasta, tem večja je podobnost z vzhodnimi Evropejci. Ocenjujemo, da so se Slovani in Indo-Arijci ločili okoli 6.500 pr. Kr. Kljub zgodnji ločitvi kažejo Slovani in Indo-Arijci mnoge jezikovne podobnosti. Zlasti Slovenci so obdržali v slovnici in besedišču številne podobnosti s sanskrtom, posebno z jezikom Ved, ki jih ne najdemo več v drugih sedanjih slovanskih in indo-arijskih jezikih.

Korenine

 

BASE TEN COUNTING AS THE EXTENSION OF THE ARCHETYPICAL BASE FIVE SYSTEM OF BASQUES AND SLAVS

Petr Jandáček

127 La Senda Rd, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA;

E-mail: jandacek@mesatop.com; p.jandacek@laschools.net

 

Abstract

The Basque and Slavic words for "FIVE" are derived from their words for "hand" or "fist". Their words for "SIX" contain the vestigial feature of "with". Both the Basque and Slavic words for "SEVEN" actually mean "with two more". Numerals beyond four in non-Slav Indo-European languages have lost the sense of etymology derived from this manual and digital concept. While the RHYME and REASON for naming numerals is preserved in Slavic only, other parts of the phonemic structure of the numerals had been largely maintained in all Indo-European languages without the speakers' understanding of the etymology. Thus, deep within the common Base Ten counting system is the archetypical Basque and Slavic Base Five arithmetic arrangement.

 

Povzetek

Štetje na desetiški osnovi kot podaljšek štetja na petiški osnovi pri Baskih in Slovanih

Baskovske in slovanske besede za število 5 (PET) izhajajo iz besed kot sta ROKA in PEST.  Besede za število 6 (ŠEST) imajo ostanke besed S ali SE in PEST. Baskovske in slovanske besede za število 7 (SEDEM) dejansko pomenijo ŠE DVA (ali DVA VEČ). Števila višja od 4 (ŠTIRI) izpeljana iz osnovnih pojmov v zvezi z roko in prsti so izgubila besedotvorni pomen v vseh indo-evropskih jezikih, razen v slovanskih. Čeprav se tega ljudje na splošno ne zavedajo, sta v slovanskih jezikih ohranjena tako rima kot razlog za poimenovanje števil, medtem ko so pri štetju v drugih indo-evropskih jezikih ohranjene samo glasovne prvine jezika. V sedanjem štetju po desetiškem sistemu je pri Baskih in Slovanih skrit prvotni način štetja na osnovi števila PET.

Korenine

 

LADINCI – POSLOVENJENI ITALIDI

Lucijan Vuga

Lemutova ul. 6, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenija

 

Abstract

Ladinians – Slavicized Italides

During last years among different theories of the Indo-Europeans' origin is in the limelight the Theory of continuity (TC), which is supported by archaeologist Colin Renfrew, prehistorian Marcel Otte, paleolinguist Mario Alinei, Xaverio Ballester, Herbert Kühn etc. Mario Alinei, emeritus of the University of Utrecht (professor from 1959 to 1987), co-founder and first president of the »Atlas Linguarum Europae«, founder of the journal »Quaderni di semantica«, author of numerous scientific books etc., in his huge work (about 2000 pages) »Origini delle lingue d'Europa« in chap. La Ladinia: un'area italide slavizzata (II, page 739) wrote and showed by means of linguistic, archaelogical, ethnological and other arguments (II, page 750): »…in the most modest variant…during the 3rd and 2nd Millenium B.C. … metallurgists from Slovenia immigrated in south Alps valleys of Grigione [Graubünden, Swiss canton] couldn't be no others than only south Slavs…likely Slovenes…who overlayed people of the italidic origin southward of the eastern and central Alps…« (translation L.V.). In this case Alinei is leaning against Hugo Schuchart, he calls him one of the most original linguists of the 19th century, who wrote the book Slawo-Deutsch und Slawo-Italienisch (1884). Alinei also wrote down: »…one of the most absurd consequence of the traditional chronology is ''the arriving'' of Slaves no earlier than in historic times in enormous area where they actually are…«, and (page 196): »On the southwest of triangle Slaves always were neighbours of Italides in Dalmatia, in the area of southern Alps, and in Po plain larger than today, because it was not inundated so much by the Adriatic sea as is today…«.

Doyen of the Slovenian historians, the late academician Bogo Grafenauer, in the foreword of the booklet »Slovenska Koroška« (Slovenian Carinthia) (Znanstveni inštitut, Ljubljana, 1945) written together with dr. Jakob Sienčnik frankly stated: »The list of Slovenian toponyms in the Slovenian Carinthia …these still alive names demonstrate us that this territory is positively Slovenian. If we would deal with only dead Slovenian toponyms, which have been anyhow preserved, we couldn't restrict ourselves only to the actually Slovenian Carinthia, but we would have to follow them all over the eastern Alps as far as Danube and over Danube«. Eastern Alps cover the area from Slovenia to Italy and Swiss, to about the line from Lago Maggiore on the south to Zürich on the north, than follows Swabia-Bavarian plateau, and over the Danube there are Schwarzwald and Swabian-Jura (see f.i. Atlas sveta, MK, Ljubljana, 1979, pages 58-59). Therefore, Alinei and Grafenauer agree about geographical area, but they disagree about the historical period of the Slovenian presence in this territory. Grafenauer remains a follower of the late arrival, i.e. mediaeval immigration of the Slovenian ancestors into this area, whereas Alinei speaks in favour of soonest, prehistorical settlement. However, we have to repeat the Grafenauer's significant statement, cited in »Zgodovina Slovencev« (The history of Slovenes) (CZ, Ljubljana, 1979), where we can read in the chapter Prihod Slovanov (The arrival of Slavs) (page 94): »…in the history was put into force the opinion (underlined by L.V.), that the Slavs' old homeland was the area inside the Carpathians on the south, Baltic Sea on the north, Oder eastern river basin on the west and middle Dnieper on the east«. Grafenauer used the term 'opinion' and not 'proof, evidence, certainty' etc. And what is 'opinion'? It is a belief or judgment that rests on grounds insufficient to produce complete certainty.

The very known present-day archaeologist Colin Renfrew warns us in his book »Archaeology and language« (J. Cape Ltd., London, 1987 – Archeologia e linguaggio, Laterza, Roma, 1999), that actually there are even more historians who state that: »…there are no arguments in favour of languages migration. Demographic composition on the specific geographic areas remained in large scale unchanged in almost all cases…« (page 106), and  »Researchers from every specific geographic area maybe could learn from mistakes and new achievements of men who are working in other areas« (page 320), and finally »I've tried to proof…that till now hasn't existed any valid methodology which would bound known documentation of language research, i.e. historical linguistic with archaeology findings« (page 321). (Translated from Italian by L. V. )

In the light of the Alinei thesis about Ladinians based on TC, I have analysed over one thousand toponyms and oronyms in the eastern Alps area, which show high correlation with Slovenian etymology base. In spite of Alinei statement that Veneti from north Adriatic Sea were probably Italides we don't forget that Veneti in that remote time settled mainly the present Ladinian territory, so I may conclude, that my analysis indicates Veneto-Slovenian prehistory.

Korenine

 

Povzetek

Med različnimi teorijami o izvoru Indoevropejcev je v zadnjih letih v ospredju teorija kontinuitete (TK), med njenimi vidnimi zagovorniki so arheolog Colin Renfrew, paleolingvist Mario Alinei, arheologi Marcel Otte,  Xaverio Ballester, Herbert Kühn itd. Mario Alinei, dolgoletni profesor (od 1959 do 1987) na univerzi v Utrechtu, soustanovitelj in prvi predsednik »Atlas Linguarum Europae«, ustanovitelj revije »Quaderni di semantica«, pisec vrste odmevnih znanstvenih knjig itd., v svojem najnovejšem obsežnem delu (skoraj dva tisoč strani) »Origini delle lingue d'Europa« v poglavju La Ladinia: un'area italide slavizzata (II, str.739 i.n.) piše in utemeljuje z jezikoslovnimi, arheološkimi, etnološkimi i.dr. argumenti: (II, str.750) »…v najskromnejši različici…v 3. in 2.tisočletju pr.n.št. …metalurgi iz Slovenije priseljeni v južnoalpske doline in v Grigione [Graubünden, švicarski kanton] niso mogli biti drugi kot le južni Slovani…verjetno Slovenci…ki so prekrili ljudstva italidskega izvora na južni strani vzhodnih in osrednjih Alp…« (vsi prevodi L.V.). Pri tem se Alinei med drugim oslanja tudi na Huga Schucharta, ki ga imenuje enega od najizvirnejših lingvistov 19. st., avtorja dela »Slawo-Deutsch und Slawo-Italienisch« (1884). Še prej (str.183) zapiše: »…ena od najbolj absurdnih posledic tradicionalne kronologije je: ''prihod'' Slovanov, nič prej kot v zgodovinskem obdobju, na neskončno področje, ki ga danes naseljujejo…«, ter (str.196): »Na jugozahodu trikotnika so Slovani od vselej mejili z Italidi v Dalmaciji, na področju vzhodnih Alp in v Padski nižini na večji površini od današnje, ker je ni toliko poplavljalo morje…«.

Starosta slovenskih zgodovinarjev, pokojni akademik Bogo Grafenauer, se je v predgovoru knjižice »Slovenska Koroška« (Znanstveni institut, Ljubljana, 1945), ki sta jo napisala skupaj z dr.Sienčnikom, jasno izrazil, rekoč: »Seznam slovenskih krajevnih imen na slovenskem Koroškem…nam dokazujejo ta še danes živa imena, da je to ozemlje v resnici slovensko. Če bi šlo namreč samo za mrtva slovenska imena, ki so se nam na kakršenkoli način ohranila, se ne bi mogli omejiti na sedanjo slovensko Koroško, marveč bi jim morali slediti po vseh vzhodnih Alpah do Donave in preko nje«. Vzhodne Alpe pa segajo od Slovenije do Italije in Švice, nekako do črte od jezera Maggiore na jugu do Züricha na severu; od koder se do Donave razprostira Švabsko-bavarska planota, onkraj Donave pa sta Črni les-Schwarzwald in Švabska jura (primerjaj npr. Atlas sveta, MK, Ljubljana, 1979, str. 58-59). Torej se glede obsežnosti prostora Alinei in Grafenauer ujemata, razlika med njima je v časovnem razponu slovenske prisotnosti na tem območju. Medtem ko je Grafenauer pristaš poznega, to je srednjeveškega prihoda slovenskih prednikov na to ozemlje, zagovarja Alineji njihovo predzgodovinsko prisotnost. Toda pri tem je še treba opozoriti na Grafenauerjevo pomembno misel, ki jo najdemo v skupinskem delu »Zgodovina Slovencev« (CZ, Ljubljana, 1979), v katerega je prispeval poglavje Prihod Slovanov (str.94): »…v znanosti se je uveljavilo mnenje (podčrtal L.V.), da je bila pradomovina Slovanov med Karpati na jugu in Baltiškim morjem na severu, med vzhodnim porečjem Odre na zahodu in srednjim Dneprom na vzhodu«. Grafenauer je uporabil izraz – mnenje, ne pa dokaz, ugotovitev ali kakšen drugi čvrstejši pojem. Kaj pa je mnenje? Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika razloži: (1) mnenje – prikaz lastnosti, stanja česa glede na lastno védenje, poznavanje; (2) kar je glede na védenje, poznavanje koga resnično: to je moje mnenje, morda pa je bilo drugače.

Eden najvidnejših sodobnih arheologov, Colin Renfrew, opozarja v svojem delu Arheologija in jezik (Archaeology and Language, J. Cape Ltd., London, 1987 – Archeologia e linguaggio, Laterza, Roma, 1999), da danes čedalje več zgodovinarjev meni: »…ne obstaja nikakršna posebna argumentacija, ki bi govorila v prid selitve jezikov. Demografski sestav na posameznih zemljepisnih območjih je ostal na široko nespremenjen v večini primerov… (str. 106)« ter »Proučevalci z vsakega posameznega zemljepisnega območja se morda lahko česa naučijo iz napak in novih dosežkov od tistih, ki delajo drugod (str.320)« in še »Poskusil sem dokazati…da doslej ni obstajala nobena veljavna metodologija, ki bi povezovala obstoječo dokumentacijo proučevanja jezikov, to je historične lingvistike, z arheološkimi najdbami (str.321)«.

V luči Alineijeve teze glede Ladincev po teorije kontinuitete sem na območju Vzhodnih Alp razčlenil nad 500 toponimov, ki kažejo visoko korelacijo s slovensko etimološko osnovo. Ker Alinei zastopa mnenje, da so bili severnojadranski Veneti verjetno Italidi, a ne pozabimo, da so Veneti živeli pretežno na sedanjem ladinskem področju, lahko sklepamo, da ta analiza nakazuje venetsko-slovensko prazgodovino.

Korenine

 

VENETI U JEDNOJ ETNOLOŠKOJ INTERPRETACIJI

Vojislav P. Nikčević

 

Abstract

An ethnological interpretation of the Veneti

The paper presents data on the Veneti as ancestors of Slovenes or Slovjens (Slovyens) published by the Serbian ethnologist Tatomir Vukanović in his book Ethnogenesis of South Slavs (Vranje, 1974). These data have been collected from the writings of ancient authors dating from the 6th century AD. The data explicitly or hypothetically identify Slovenes as the Veneti even in the period when they were still settled in their primeval homeland in North-eastern Europe and also later on their newly acquired territories all over Europe after their migration from their homeland towards the East, West and South. In the interpretation of the ancient authors, the name Slov(j)en(e) is formed from the basic part slov- from the Slovjen word slovo (i.e., word or speech) and the non-slovjen suffix -vene stemming from the West European word Veneti with the meaning of western dwellers of the sea coast in the time when the Veneti were settling the coasts of the Baltic before the appearance of name Slov(j)en(e). Accordingly the ethnonym Slovenec as one of the synonyms of the name Slovjene was formed from slov + veneti > slovveneti > sloveneci > Slovenci. This is the essence of the etymology of this ethnonym as explained in the morphological and semantic meaning of this name.

 

Sažimak

U ovome radu donose se podaci o Venetima kao Slovjenima, odnosno Slovencima, koje je srpski etnolog Tatomir Vukanović objavio u knjizi Etnogeneza Južnih Slovena (Vranje, 1974). Ti podaci sadržani su u spisima antičkijeh pisaca datiranim od VI. vijeka. Ti podaci izrično ili hipotetično identifikuju Slovjene kao Venete još dok su prebivali u njihovoj pradomovini na evropskom śeveroistoku, ali i na njihovijem teritorijama nastanjenim širom Evrope nakon seoba iz te pradomovine na istok, zapad i jug. I u interpretaciji antičkijeh pisaca naziv Slov±n(e) sačinjen je od osnove slov- iz slovjenske riječi slovo "riječ, govor" + neslovjenski nastavak -vene iz zapadnoevropske riječi Veneti u značenju zapadni "nastanjenici morske obale" još dok su prebivali na obalama Baltičkog mora u doba prije pojave naziva Slov(j)en(e). Prema tome, i etnonim Slovenec kao jedan od sinonimnijeh pojavnih oblika imena Slov±n(e) nastao je od slov- + veneti > slovveneti > sloveneci > Slovenci. U tome se sastoji etimologija toga etnonima shvaćena u morfološkome i semantičkom značenju toga pojma.

Korenine

RUNICA AND THE ALPHABET WRITING

Valery.A. choudinov

Russian Academy of Sciences, The World Culture Scientific Council, Old and Medieval Russian Culture Commission, Leninskiy prospekt 32 A, RU-119991 Moscow GSP-1, Russia; E-mail: psevdoreal@mail.ru

 

Abstract

Introduced is the Slavic syllabic writing - runica. Examples of the use of runica, a short history of its decipherment, and the syllabary are given. On the basis of runica and Cyrillic script interaction, the period during which the change from syllabic to alphabetic writing resulted, is estimated. Also presented is the hypothesis about the quality of the process of transition for every change of runica with ethnic alphabet writing. The coexistence of runica with Glagolitic, Greek and Latin writing is shown on some examples. Runica-type signs can be traced also on several prehistoric objects.

 

 

Povzetek

Runica in črkovne pisave

Predstavljena je slovanska zlogovna pisava runica, primeri njene rabe, kratka zgodovina razvozlavanja in zlogovnik. Na podlagi soobstoja runice in cirilice je ocenjeno obdobje, v katerem je prišlo do prehoda z zlogovne pisave na črkovno. V nekaterih primerih je vidno tudi soobstajanje runice z glagolico, latinico in grško pisavo. Runici podobne znake zasledimo tudi na nekaterih predmetih iz prazgodovine.

Korenine

 

THE "TAVOLA DA ESTE" INSCRIPTION

Anthony Ambrozic1, Giancarlo Tomezzoli2

1 8 Lafayette Pl., Thornhill, ON L3T 1G5, Canada

2 Zeppelinstrasse 43, D-81669 Munich, Germany; E-mail: gtomezzoli@epo.org

 

Abstract

A division, translation, linguistic examination, and evaluation of the Tavola da Este inscription is presented. It appears that the artefact's votive character may have served as a prayer formula at a religious site in the vicinity of Padua.

 

Povzetek

Napis "Tavola da Este"

Predstavljena je delitev, prevod, jezikoslovna raziskava in ovrednotenje napisa Tavola da Este. Videti je, da je predmet votivnega značaja in da je služil kot molitveni obrazec v nekem svetišču v bližini Padove.
Korenine

THE INSCRIPTION PAULI No. 39

Ivan Tomažič1, Giancarlo Tomezzoli2

1 Bennogasse 21, A-1080 Wien, Austria

2 Zeppelinstrasse 43, D-81669 Munich, Germany; E-mail: gtomezzoli@epo.org

 

Abstract

C. Pauli wrote concisely in German: "39. Inscription on a small dish, found near Verona." He provides the layout of the inscription, the spelling: KOLIVETU, but he does not provide a translation of the inscription.

Interpretation of I. Tomažič:

Reading the inscription from right to left, it is possible to arrive at the word KOLIIIETU, which can be interpreted as follows: KOLIJ JE TU and give: Plant the grapevines, the time is here (i.e., has arrived).

Interpretation of G. Tomezzoli:

Reading the inscription from right to left it is possible to arrive at the word: KOLYSETU, which can be interpreted as follows: KOLYS E TU and give: The pungency is here (i.e., connected with the substance inside the dish).

In the first case the inscription is an invitation to start an agricultural chore, in the second case the inscription is a warning informing the user about the kind of content inside the dish.

In any case, the writer of the inscription belonged to an ancient people whose language was closer to the Slavic languages rather than to the Latin, Italic, Celtic or Saxon languages.

 

Povzetek

Napis Pauli No. 39

C. Pauli je napisal na kratko po nemško: “39. Napis na posodici, najdeni blizu Verone.” Predstavil je napis, njegovo prečrkovanje: KOLIVETU, ni ga pa prevedel. Tomažič ga prečrkuje kot KOLIIIETU, bere kot KOLIJ JE TU in prevede v: PODPRI TRTO, ČAS JE. Tomezzoli ga prečrkuje kot KOLYSETU, bere kot KOLYS E TU in prevede kot: TU JE OSTRA ZAČIMBA. V prvem primeru bi napis vabil k delu, v drugem pa opozarjal na vsebino v posodici. Vsekakor je pisec napisa pripadal nekdanjemu ljudstvu, katerega jezik je bil bliže slovanskim jezikom kot latinščini, italskim, keltskim ali germanskim jezikom.
Korenine

 

PRIMERJAVA BRANJ RETIJSKEGA NAPISA NA MEČU IZ VERONE

Vinko Vodopivec

Pot na Drenikov vrh 12, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija; E-mail: Vinko.Vodopivec@familia.si

 

Abstract

Comparison of readings of a Rhaetian inscription on the Sword of Verona

Scientists are still searching for an appropriate understanding of an inscription on the sword of Verona. A comparison of all available interpretations of the up-to-the-present incomprehensible inscription can significantly improve its understanding. Here we have 8 different ways how to group together the letters and 5 translations. The working hypothesis should suppose to find an appropriate part of correctly grouped letters and an appropriate part of correctly recognised letters and intelligible words. The analysis shows that all the present groupings of letters were rather inconsistent. Concerning the translations, only the translations by A. Perdih and by present author are strikingly different since they surpass the set conditions of the working hypothesis and by this, they are the only ones that most probably give the correct meaning of the inscription.

The results confirm the correctness of the translation by A. Perdih and by present author. Their groupings of letters can be considered as appropriate, the translation is based on 69.8% and 73.2% of recognised letters, respectively. The relevant percentage for the other authors amounts to 4.8%, 20.0%, and 19.5%, respectively. Concerning the recognised words, the translation by A. Perdih and by present author give rise to recognition of 90.9% of words. Other translations give rise to the percentage of words understood only at 38.5%, 41.7%, and 38.5% of understood words, respectively. This study shows that the translations by A. Perdih and by present author are most to be trusted while other translations could be far less adequate. The Slovenian language seems also in this case to be a very suitable tool, since its numerous dialects enable us to understand the older Rhaetian inscriptions.

 

Povzetek

Znanstveniki še vedno iščejo vsebino napisa na meču iz Verone in v teh prizadevanjih lahko bistveno pripomore ustrezno razumevanje do sedaj nerazumljenega napisa, kjer si pomagamo s primerjavo do sedaj znanih prevodov. Za primerjavo prečrkovanja imamo kar osem možnosti različnih avtorjev, pri prevodih pa le pet. Delovna hipoteza predvideva ustrezen delež pravilno prečrkovanih črk in ustrezen delež prepoznanih črk in ustrezen delež razumljenih besed. Analiza kaže, da so dosedanja prečrkovanja nekoliko nedosledna, pri prevodih pa izrazito odstopata prevoda A. Perdiha in V Vodopivca, ki edina močno presegata pogoje delovne hipoteze in nam zato najverjetneje podajata ustrezno razumljeno vsebino napisa.

Rezultati potrjujejo pravilnost Perdihovega in Vodopivčevega prevoda saj vsebujeta kar 69,8% in 73,2% prepoznanih črk, medtem ko ostali prevodi dosegajo le 4,8%, 20,0% in 19,5%. Podobna je primerjava prepoznanih besed, saj jih imata Perdihov in Vodopivčev prevod oba kar 90,9%, medtem ko jih imajo ostali prevodi le 38,5% in 41,7% in 38,5%. Rezultati kažejo, da sta Perdihov in Vodopivčev prevod odlična, ostali prevodi pa so bistveno manj verjetni. Slovenščina je tudi v tem primeru uporabno orodje, saj s svojimi številnimi dialekti omogoča razumevanje najstarejših slovanskih zapisov.

Korenine

 

THE SLAVIC TRIBES ON ST. EUSEBIUS' MAP

Valery A. Choudinov

Russian Academy of Sciences, The World Culture Scientific Council, Old and Medieval Russian Culture Commission, Leninskiy prospekt 32 A, RU-119991 Moscow GSP-1, Russia; E-mail: psevdoreal@mail.ru

 

Abstract

The St. Eusebius' map (circa 330 AD) found by German historian K. Miller is shown. The Latin names of Slavic tribes written in Latin script, as well as in Russian written in runica script were read and interpreted. This map was combined with the modern archaeological map of Slavic cultures to see the location of 9 Slavic tribes. Now we can see the Slavic tribes' names and their location on the map of Eastern Europe as early as in the Late Antiquity. It is the first Slavic Eastern Europe map of such type.

 

Povzetek

Slovanska plemena na zemljevidu sv. Evzebija

Zemljevid sv. Evzebija (okoli 330 po Kr.) je našel nemški zgodovinar K. Miller. Prebrana in razložena so imena slovanskih plemen v latinščini, pisana v latinici, in v ruščini, pisana z runico. Ta zemljevid je prerisan na sodoben arheološki zemljevid slovanskih kultur, da bi videli dejansko lego 9 slovanskih plemen. Sedaj lahko vidimo, kje so bila v vzhodni Evropi slovanska plemena v pozni antiki. To je prvi tak slovanski zemljevid vzhodne Evrope.

Korenine

VEROVANJA STARIH LOBJANCEV

Leopold Sever

Male Lipljene pri Turjaku 15, SI-1311 Turjak, Slovenia

 

Abstract

Religion of the ancient Lobjanci

Lobjanci or Lobiki (Engl. transcr. Lobyanci, Lobiki) is a very old name for the inhabitants of the Zahodna Dolenjska (Western Lower Carniola). The name was derived from the rounded hills, nowadays known as Dolenjsko gričevje (Lower Carniola hills). After the Roman occupation in the 1st century B.C., the new rulers gave them a Romanized name - Latobici.

Before the Roman occupation, the Lobjanci were organized into communities called 'španovine' (shpanovine) or 'župajevine' (zhupayevine) headed by leaders called 'špan' (shpan) or 'župaj' (zhupay). In addition to their political and economic activities (agriculture, stockbreeding, particularly horse breeding, hunting, trading, iron mining and foundry working), they also developed two other efficiently organized systems: the defence (of the community) and their spiritual life. The centre of their defence system was fortified settlements, usually on hills (ancient forts) with a špan (shpan) village, which offered solid protection to the inhabitants of špajevina (shpayevina) and all their movable property in the case of an outside attack or plundering raid. The centre of their spiritual life was worshiping of nature, which in this way got a divine character. In the Lobjanci region, the predominant cult was the worship of water in all three of its aggregate states and in all its vital fluids. At that time it was called 'muža' (muzha), nowadays called also 'moča' (mocha). Since the 'muža' can be found in three aggregate states, it got a divine name 'Trimožje' (Trimozhye), (originally 'Tromužjad' (Tromuzhyad)). Our ancient ancestors erected many sanctuaries devoted to this aquatic deity, which were also a destination of pilgrimage for the worshipers. A very well known such sanctuary was in the contemporary village of Škocjan near Turjak. In Zahodna Dolenjska numerous names (hydronyms) for the worshiped waters are still preserved. These are famous streams Trmožniki (Trmozhniks) and Zdravščki (Zdravshcheks). Until recently, just before the Second World War, the Trmožnik near the village of Draga was still frequently visited by the neighbouring population just for drinking the healing water and for taking healing baths.

The souls of the deceased Lobjanci departed after death to the »other, next world«, which meant to either the dark or to the bright side of the Moon (e.g., in popular saying to be »beyond the Moon«). The worshipped stellar body acquired the divine name, Reitija (Reitiya), apparently due to the functional similarity to the common tool of farmers, the »rejta« (a riddle). According to the beliefs of the ancestors, the transfer of souls to the other world or vice versa was accomplished by the holy birds (big or small 'tice' or 'ptice'). The Moon or the holy Reitija reflected and spread the light during the night and hence was designated as šajnata (shaynata, i.e., shining). With time the attribute »šajnat« was acquired by all who served this holy stellar body and which was where they could continue the post-mortem life. So along with the Šajnata Reitija, we know also of the existence of »Šajnato Trimožje« and of »Šajnata Tica« (known in Slovenian ancient mythology also as Žar Tica (Zhar Titsa)). All the deities important for life on this or the next world and designated as »šajnata« were worshiped by our ancient ancestors who donated and offered to them a ransom, called »toler«.

The religious life of the old Slavic Lobjanci, ancestors of the present inhabitants of Zahodna Dolenjska left numerous and rather richly preserved traces. We can easily recognize them by carefully studying our living habits, our toponyms and onomastics of our vocabulary, and by observing and verifying nature, and by experiments. All the religious names for the worshipped nature have an onomatopoetic origin and possess a profound Slovenian sonority. During the very long period of formation of our ethnicity, Zahodna Dolenjska was rather isolated, without too many foreign influences and with rather small immigration. This can be a clue as to why the dialects in Zahodna Dolenjska are so rich on the preserved traces and proofs of our pre-historic period. The linguistic proofs of our relic and autochthonous existence in Central Europe become even more persuasive if one compares them with the existing archaeological facts. Both of these proofs are in excellent agreement with the inscriptions written by the ancient Veneti over two thousand years ago.

Korenine

 

Povzetek

Lobjanci ali Lobiki je staro ime za prebivalce zahodne Dolenjske. Ime so dobili po pretežno zaobljenih (lobastih) vzpetinah, danes imenovanih Dolenjsko gričevje. Po rimski okupaciji so jim novi gospodarji ime romanizirali v Latobike. Pred rimsko zasedbo so bili Lobjanci organizirani v skupnosti imenovane španovine ali župajevine pod vodstvom španov in župajev.

V okviru svojih skupnosti so poleg gospodarske dejavnosti (poljedelstvo, živinoreja – posebej konjereja, lov, železarstvo in trgovina) razvili dva učinkovita sistema: obrambnega in duhovnega.

Središče obrambnega sistema so bila utrjena gradišča s špansko vasjo, kamor so se v nevarnih časih zatekli špajani z vsem premičnim imetjem in se postavili v bran plenilcem.

Jedro duhovnosti je bilo čaščenje narave, ki je s tem dobila božanski značaj. Na Lobjanskem je prevladoval kult vode in vseh njenih življenjskih tekočin. Tedaj so ji rekli muža, danes pa ji pravimo moča. Ker se muža pojavlja v treh agregatnih stanjih, so jo po božje imenovali Trimužje (izvirno Trimužjad). Naši prazgodovinski predniki Lobjanci so vodnemu božanstvu postavljali tudi svetišča kamor so romali (prvotno (t)rumali) številni častilci. Najbolj znano svetišče je bilo v današnjem Škocjanu pri Turjaku. Na dolenjskem zahodu se je obdržalo več izvirnih imen za oboževane vode. To so znameniti Trmožniki in Zdravščki. K Dražanskemu Trmožniku so okoličani hodili po zdravje in vodo obredno častili vse do začetka druge svetovne vojne.

Duše umrlih Lobjancev so po smrti odšle na »oni svet«, to se pravi na svetlo in na temno stran lune (za luno). Po božje čaščeno nebesno telo je zaradi ujemanja s poljedelsko rejto dobilo božansko ime Reitija. Prenos duš s tega na oni svet in v obratni smeri, so po prepričanju prednamcev, opravile ptice ( nekdaj velike in male tice).

Luna, po božje Reitija, je širila (odbijala) svetlobo, zato je bila šajnata. Sčasoma so pridevnik šajnat dobili vsi, ki so služili sveti nebesni popotnici, na kateri se je nadaljevalo življenje po smrti. Tako ni bila šajnata samo Reitija temveč tudi Trimožje (šajnato Trimožje) in ptice (šajnate Tice imenovane tudi Žar-tice.) Vse »šajnate«, ki so imele pomembno vlogo pri zemeljskem in zagrobnem življenju, so naši predniki častili in jim nosili odkupnino imenovano toler.

Versko življenje staroslovenskih Lobjancev, prednikov današnjih zahodnih Dolenjcev, je pustilo bogate sledi. Spoznamo jih, če tenkočutno preučimo naše življenjske navade, naša zemljepisna imena, in vse naše besedišče ter vse to preverimo v naravi ali z eksperimentom. Vsi našteti izrazi za oboževano naravo imajo posnemovalno izhodišče in izrazito slovensko glasovno zvočnost. Zahodna Dolenjska je imela v vsem času naše etnogeneze zelo malo priseljevanja in tujih vplivov, zato so zahodno dolenjska narečja še posebej bogata z dokazili o naši prazgodovinski preteklosti. Jezikovna dokazila o naši starožitnosti v srednji Evropi postanejo še prepričljivejša, če jim priložimo pravilno pojasnjene arheološke ostaline. Oboje pa je v čudoviti skladnosti z napisi, ki so jih pred več kot dvema tisočletjema zapisali naši prednamci, staroveški Veneti.
Korenine

 

PREHISTORIC GLOBALITY?

An attempt to clarify Slovenian ethnogenesis through Comparative Linguistics and Mythology

Bogdan Kristofer Meško

Sveto 53, SI-6223 Komen, Slovenia

 

Abstract

The technology of fire has been known to the human race for approximately one million years. Despite the great age of human memory and the fact that people in many places, including some places in our own country of Slovenia, lived even less than 100 years ago, almost the same way as during Neolithic, we are witnessing in the last century the mass extinction of pre-historic and historic traditions all over the world. This can be attributed to the so-called technological progress, e.g. discovery of fossil, electric and nuclear energy, invention of new materials, global communications and mass media, mass computerization and genetic manipulations, all based on the unstoppable, conquering march of modern science. The triumph of science with its deterministic approach, methods, experiments and calculations depreciated and humiliated all ancient mythic descriptions and perceptions of the world. This depreciation can only be compared with the expansion of Christianity in Europe of the Middle Ages, which in a similar way absorbed or destroyed most of the pagan traditions and myths; or with a similar revolution occurring at the end of the Neolithic period triggered by the invention of metallurgy, when people, due to the technical advantage and superiority of new materials and technology, lost interest in preserving the old knowledge accumulated and mediated by their ancestors for thousands of years. Massive migrations of peoples occurring during both revolutionary periods can be according to history attributed to the break from and the loss of traditions.

The negligence of the comparative history and rather narrow view of our own tradition stimulates the feeling of a basic diversity of different nationalities, despite and in contrast to the 'melting pot' processes of contemporary globalisation. This is evident in particular in the field of linguistics. One should just compare the point of view of our distinguished historian Valvasor, quoting that Slovenian is spoken from the Alps down to Japan, with the present distinction between the Serb and Croat language or with the Slovenistic purification of all "foreign" or even "foreign sounding" words (with the exception of Latin or Greek). But this is not only valid for just the Slavic languages. The designations such as Germanic, Roman, Slavic, Semitic etc. by themselves pose virtually insurmountable barriers between the peoples. And this can hardly be based on some solid argument, in particular since we all are aware of the common origin of all Indo-Europeans. Further, one could also infer the common origin of all peoples (and hence also of all the languages, as said by the Bible). After all, actually all living creatures, including plants, have their origin in the one and the same Primordial Ocean.

The present paper on pre-historic globalisation is an attempt to find a connection between the contemporary and ancient world on the basis of comparison between Slovenian words and words from ancient vocabularies (e.g. Cretan, Punic, Egyptian, Hetitic and Sanskrit languages). In addition, the quest for the spiritual horizon of ancient ancestors was oriented after the light cast from the deepest layers of our past by the almost universal legends and myths of ancient peoples as reflected also in Slovenian mythology.

Korenine

 

Povzetek

Praglobalnost? Poskus osvetlitve slovenske etnogeneze s primerjalnim jezikoslovjem in bajeslovjem

Ogenj pozna človek že okrog milijona let. A čeprav je človeški spomin tako starodaven in so tudi pri nas ponekod še pred manj kot sto leti živeli enako kot v mlajši kameni dobi, prihaja v zadnjem stoletju po vsem svetu do tako množičnih prekinitev z izročili, predvsem zaradi tehničnega napredka (elektrifikacije, uporabe fosilnih goriv, komunikologije in množičnih medijev), da je zmagoviti pohod znanosti zadnjih nekaj stoletij, ki je z meritvami in izračuni razvrednotila vse starodavne mitične opise sveta, moč primerjati tako s pohodom krščanstva v evropskem srednjem veku, ki je podobno zmagovito vsrkal ali prekinil mnoga poganska izročila, kot s kovinsko revolucijo ob koncu mlajše kamene dobe, ko ljudje zaradi tehničnih prednosti novih tehnologij niso videli več toliko smisla v ohranjanju nespremenjenih izročil. Obema obdobjema zgodovina zaradi prekinitve izročil prisoja množične pohode novih ljudstev.

Zanemarjanje primerjalne zgodovine in ozek pogled na lastna izročila kljub spajanju v sodobno globalnost vzpodbuja občutek temeljne drugačnosti različnih narodnih skupin, kar je še posebej očitno na področju jezikoslovja. Primerjajmo le Valvazorjevo stališče, da se slovenski jezik uporablja od Alp do Japonske, s sodobnim ločevanjem med srbščino in hrvaščino, ali s slovenističnim čiščenjem vseh 'tuje' zvenečih besed (razen grško-latinskih). To pa ne velja le za slovanske jezike. Že same oznake germansko, romansko, slovansko, semitsko itn, postavljajo med ljudi lahko navidezno nepremostljive meje, čeprav komaj utemeljene, saj vemo za skupen izvor vseh Indoevropejcev, sklepamo pa lahko tudi na skupen izvor vseh narodov človeške vrste (in tako tudi vseh jezikov, kot pravi izročilo biblije), saj dejansko vse živalstvo, tako kot tudi rastlinstvo, izvira iz enega in istega praoceana.

Pričujoči spis o praglobalnosti poskusa najti prehod med sodobnim in med starodobnim svetom s pomočjo primerjave domačih slovenskih besed z različnimi starodobnimi besednjaki (kretsko, hetitsko, sanskrt, egipčansko, punsko) poleg tega pa se v svojem iskanju duhovnega obzorja starodobnega človeka ravna tako po žarkih, ki jih s konca rova globoke preteklosti mečejo središčne pripovedi starodobnih narodov, kot po njihovih odsevih v slovenskem bajeslovju.

Korenine

 

ZEMLJEVIDI ANTIČNE GALIJE

Dimitrij Kebe

Brodarjev trg 15, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija

 

Abstract
Maps of antique Gallia

A survey of maps related to antique Gallia, the Veneti and other ancient populations of Europe are presented. The maps show us the situation in the time of Julius Caesar and up to the present.

 

Povzetek

Geografski prikaz in pregled starih zemljevidov, ki se nanašajo na Venete in staroselce Evrope. Zemljevidi prikazujejo stanje v času Julija Cezarja in vse do danes.

Korenine

 

KORENINE ZAHODNIH IN JUŽNIH SLOVANOV

V. Vodopivec,

Pot na Drenikov vrh 12, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija; E-mail: Vinko.Vodopivec@familia.si

 

Abstract

Ther roots of the West and South Slavs

The roots of Slavic languages, like the roots of other Indo-European languages, originate in the common proto-language of ancient cultures of the wider Indo-European region. Later there were several Slavic nuclei: in Asia Minor, the Paphlagonian Veneti; in the Danube basin, the Vinca and Lepenski vir cultures; in the Adriatic basin, the Adriatic Veneti; and reaching the shores of the Baltic Sea (Ouenetikos kolpos), the Veneti of the Lusatian culture. Historical evidence, linguistic and genetic characteristics, geographic names, toponyms, which belonged to the aboriginal population, and archaeological evidence offer insight into an increasingly remote past. At the same time, our Slavic roots in our traditional lands in central Europe, are receding into the Stone Age. On the basis of careful study and dating of archaeological findings and genetic discoveries, scientists are rejecting the theory of the Migration of Nations, and the theory of migration of all Slavs in the 6th century A.D. to their traditional lands in the west and the south.

There was already human settlement in Slovenia before the last glacial period, and the present population dates from the end of that period. Since then, numerous occupations or conquests came about; however, none of them supplanted the indigenous population. The longest occupation was by Romans, but even then the original population with its culture and language survived. The proto-Slavic Veneti inhabited the majority of central Europe. Later, its western area was conquered and assimilated by the aggressive Germanic and Romanic peoples. New research locates also our Slovenian roots in the more remote past - in the Stone Age. Slovenia is a language museum with a high density of dialects and ancient language forms, among them the dual, and is therefore especially useful in the study of Old-Etruscan and Venetic inscriptions. Portions of the present-day Serb and Croat nations moved into their present territories and merging with the indigenous Veneti as late as the beginning of the 7th century A.D. They came from the Pripet River basin in present southwest Belarus and northwest Ukraine, where their ancestors had migrated in the distant past from the Danube basin.

 

Povzetek

Jezikovne korenine Slovanov potekajo verjetno, tako kot korenine drugih jezikov, iz skupnega prajezika prastarih kultur. Imamo več kasnejših slovanskih žarišč: v Mali Aziji - paflagonski Veneti, v Podonavskem bazenu - kultura Vinče in Lepenskega vira, v Jadranskem bazenu - Jadranski Veneti in Lužiška kultura Venetov ob Venetskem (Baltskem) zalivu. Združitev zgodovinskih pričevanj, jezikovnih in genetskih značilnosti, zemljepisnih imen ki večinoma izvirajo od staroselcev in arheoloških odkritij, nam omogoča vpogled v čedalje starejše čase in naše slovanske korenine na sedanjih ozemljih in v srednji Evropi pomikajo čedalje bolj v paleolitik. Znanstveniki na podlagi skrbnega proučevanja in datiranja arheoloških najdb in genetskih značilnosti posameznih narodov, že zavračajo Teorijo o preseljevanju narodov in tudi Teorijo o priselitvi Slovanov na današnja zahodna in južna ozemlja v 6. stoletju.

V naših krajih je bila poselitev že pred zadnjo ledeno dobo, sedanji naseljenci pa so tu že od konca ledene dobe. V času so se vrstili osvajalni pohodi, vendar nobeden ni izpodrinil prvotnega prebivalstva. Najdaljša zasedba je bila v času Rimskega imperija, vendar so kljub dolgotrajni rimski zasedbi prvotni prebivalci ostali z enakim jezikom in z enako kulturo. Praslovanski Veneti so naseljevali pretežni del srednje Evrope, zahodni del pa so kasneje podjarmili in potujčili bojeviti germanski in romanski narodi. Novejše raziskave nam tudi naše slovenske korenine pomikajo v čedalje bolj zgodnjo dobo človeške zgodovine, v kameno dobo. Slovenija je jezikovni muzej z največjo gostoto narečij in starodavnih jezikovnih oblik, zlasti dvojine, zato je najbolj primerna za razumevanje starih etruščanskih in venetskih napisov. Velik del hrvatskega in srbskega naroda se je na sedanje ozemlje priselil iz območja reke Pripjat v sedanji severozahodni Ukrajini in jugozahodni Belorusiji, kamor so se njihovi predniki preselili iz obdonavskega območja že pred davnimi časi, in se pomešal s staroselskimi Veneti šele v začetku 7. stoletja.

Korenine